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L'Irlanda e la Rivolta di Pasqua (Easter Rising 1916)
La Rivolta di Pasqua (in inglese Easter Rising , in gaelico Éirí Amach na Cásca ) fu una ribellione avvenuta in Irlanda nella settimana di Pasqua del 1916.
Durante la Rivolta di Pasqua i militari irlandesi cercarono di ottenere con la forza l’indipendenza dal Regno Unito, durante un’azione organizzata dall’Irish Republican Brotherhood che durò dal 24 al 30 aprile 1916.
Pádraig Pearse, poeta, insegnante e avvocato ha guidato i volontari irlandesi, uniti con l’Irish Citizen Army di James Connolly durante l’occupazione dei punti nevralgici di Dublino, proclamando la Repubblica irlandese indipendente dalla Gran Bretagna dal General Post Office .
La Rivolta di Pasqua in Irlanda fu sedata in sei giorni. I leader dell’insurrezione tra cui Patrick Pearse, l’estensore della proclamazione della Repubblica e il capo operaio James Connolly subirono un processo prima di essere giustiziati. Nonostante il mancato successo militare, nella storia attuale, la rivolta è considerata un caposaldo per il futuro della Repubblica. Salirono infatti i consensi intorno al partito nazionalista Sinn Féin, organizzato da Arthur Griffith nel 1905, che alle elezioni del 1918 ottenne la maggioranza, rifiutandosi di sedere a Westminster (Parlamento inglese).
Il 21 gennaio 1919 i deputati del Sinn Féin si auto-dichiararono parlamento indipendente (Dáil Èireann), confermarono la validità della Proclamazione della Repubblica del 1916 ed elessero come presidente Éamon de Valera (1882-1975). Dalla rivolta iniziò la guerra d’indipendenza condotta dall’Irish Republican Army (IRA) contro la polizia e l’esercito britannico. Tutto mentre il nuovo Stato si organizzava clandestinamente.
Nel 1932 il Fianna Fail, partito fondato e guidato da De Valera, ottenne la maggioranza assoluta dei voti e costituì sotto la sua presidenza un governo che gradualmente abolì gli accordi stipulati con il precedente trattato. Passo successivo fu la promulgazione di una nuova costituzione (1937), che abolì le prerogative della Corona e dichiarò il Paese uno Stato sovrano, indipendente e democratico. Il paese riprese l’antico nome gaelico “Eire” e Dublino ne divenne capitale.
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